Was Lucille Ball a Born Again Christian

American extra, comedian, model, studio executive and producer (1911–1989)

Lucille Ball
Ball in 1955
Built-in	Lucille Désirée Ball (1911-08-06)August 6, 1911 Jamestown, New York, U.Due south.
Died	April 26, 1989(1989-04-26) (aged 77) Los Angeles, California, U.South.
Burying place	Lake View Cemetery, Jamestown, New York, U.S.
Occupation	Extra comedian singer model studio executive producer
Years active	1927–1989
Spouse(s)	Desi Arnaz ​ ​ (m. 1940; div. 1960)​ Gary Morton ​ (thou. 1961)​
Children	Lucie Arnaz Desi Arnaz Jr.
Relatives	Fred Brawl (blood brother) Suzan Ball (cousin)
Signature

Lucille Désirée Brawl (August 6, 1911 – April 26, 1989) was an American actress, comedian, and producer. She was nominated for 13 Primetime Emmy Awards, winning five times,^[1] and was the recipient of several other accolades, such as the Golden World Cecil B. DeMille Accolade and two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.^{[two] [three]} She earned many honors, including the Women in Picture show Crystal Award,^[4] an consecration into the Television Hall of Fame, the Lifetime Achievement Honour from the Kennedy Middle Honors,^[five] and the Governors Laurels from the Academy of Tv set Arts & Sciences.^[6]

Brawl'southward career began in 1929 when she landed work as a model. Shortly thereafter, she began her performing career on Broadway using the phase name Diane (or Dianne) Belmont. She later appeared in films in the 1930s and 1940s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures, being bandage as a chorus daughter or in similar roles, with lead roles in B-pictures and supporting roles in A-pictures. During this time, she met Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz, and they eloped in November 1940. In the 1950s, Ball ventured into television, where she and Arnaz created the sitcom I Love Lucy. She gave birth to their outset child, Lucie, in 1951,^[seven] followed by Desi Arnaz Jr. in 1953.^[8] They divorced in March 1960, and she married comedian Gary Morton in 1961.^[9]

Brawl produced^[ten] and starred in the Broadway musical Mutiny from 1960 to 1961. In 1962, she became the offset woman to run a major television studio, Desilu Productions, which produced many popular television receiver series, including Mission: Impossible and Star Trek.^[11] After Wildcat, she reunited with I Honey Lucy co-star Vivian Vance for The Lucy Bear witness, which Vance left in 1965. The show continued, with Ball's longtime friend and series regular Gale Gordon, until 1968. Brawl immediately began appearing in a new series, Here'south Lucy, with Gordon, frequent show guest Mary Jane Croft, and Lucie and Desi Jr.; this program ran until 1974.

Ball did not retire from acting completely, and in 1985 she took on a dramatic function in the television film Stone Pillow. The next year she starred in Life with Lucy, which, unlike her other sitcoms, was not well-received; it was cancelled later 3 months. She appeared in film and television roles for the rest of her career until her death in April 1989 from an abdominal aortic aneurysm and arterioscleroitic center disease at the age of 77.^[12]

Early on life [edit]

Lucille Désirée Ball was born on August 6, 1911, at 60 Stewart Artery in Jamestown, New York,^[13] the daughter of Henry Durrell "Had" Ball (1887–1915), a lineman for Bong Telephone, and Désirée Evelyn "DeDe" Brawl (née Hunt; 1892–1977).^[14] Her family belonged to the Baptist church. Her ancestors were by and large English, but a few were Scottish, French, and Irish.^{[15] [16]} Some were among the primeval settlers in the 13 Colonies, including Elderberry John Crandall of Westerly, Rhode Isle, and Edmund Rice, an early emigrant from England to the Massachusetts Bay Colony.^{[17] [18]}

Ball's male parent'south Bell Telephone career ofttimes required the family to move during Lucy's early babyhood. They moved from Jamestown, where Lucy was born, to Anaconda, Montana, and later on to Trenton, New Jersey.^[19] In Feb 1915, while living in Wyandotte, Michigan, Lucy'southward father died of typhoid fever at age 27 when Lucy was only three.^{[20] [21]} At that time, DeDe Brawl was pregnant with her second child, Fred Henry Brawl (1915–2007). Ball recalled little from the day her male parent died, except a bird getting trapped in the house, which caused her lifelong ornithophobia.^[22]

Ball's mother returned to New York, where maternal grandparents helped raise Lucy and her brother Fred in Celoron, a summertime resort village on Lake Chautauqua.^[19] Their home was at 59 West 8th Street (later renamed to 59 Lucy Lane). Ball loved Celoron Park, a popular amusement area at the time. Its boardwalk had a ramp to the lake that served as a children's slide, the Pier Ballroom, a roller-coaster, a bandstand, and a phase where vaudeville concerts and plays were presented.^[23]

Four years later on Henry Ball'south death, DeDe Brawl married Edward Peterson. While they looked for work in another city, Peterson's parents cared for Lucy and Fred. Brawl's step-grandparents were a puritanical Swedish couple who banished all mirrors from the business firm except ane over the bathroom sink. When Lucy was caught admiring herself in it, she was severely chastised for existence vain. She later said that this period of time afflicted her so deeply, it lasted vii or 8 years.^[24]

When Lucy was 12, her stepfather encouraged her to audition for his Shriner's organization that needed entertainers for the chorus line of its next show.^[25] While Ball was onstage, she realized performing was a great way to gain praise.^[26] In 1927, her family was forced to move to a pocket-sized apartment in Jamestown after their firm and effects were sold to settle a legal judgment.^[27]

Career [edit]

Early career [edit]

In 1925, Ball, then just fourteen, started dating Johnny DeVita, a 21-year-onetime local hoodlum. Her mother was unhappy with the human relationship, and hoped the romance she was unable to influence would burn out. Later on about a year, her female parent tried to separate them by exploiting Ball'southward desire to be in testify business. Despite the family's meager finances, in 1926, she enrolled Ball in the John Murray Anderson Schoolhouse for the Dramatic Arts,^[28] in New York Urban center,^{[29] [30]} where Bette Davis was a boyfriend pupil. Ball later said virtually that fourth dimension in her life, "All I learned in drama schoolhouse was how to be frightened."^[31] Ball'south instructors felt she would non be successful in the entertainment business concern, and were unafraid to direct land this to her.

In the confront of this harsh criticism, Ball was adamant to show her teachers wrong and returned to New York City in 1928. That same yr, she began working for Hattie Carnegie as an in-house model. Carnegie ordered Brawl to bleach her brown hair blond, and she complied. Of this time in her life, Ball said, "Hattie taught me how to slouch properly in a $i,000 hand-sewn sequin apparel and how to wear a $xl,000 sable coat as casually as rabbit."^{[32] [33]}

Her acting forays were still at an early phase when she became ill with rheumatic fever and was unable to piece of work for two years.^[34]

1930s [edit]

In 1932, she moved back to New York City to resume her pursuit of an acting career, where she supported herself by over again working for Carnegie^[35] and as the Chesterfield cigarette girl. Using the proper noun Diane (sometimes spelled Dianne) Belmont, she started getting chorus work on Broadway,^[36] but it did not last. Ball was hired – only so speedily fired – by theatre impresario Earl Carroll from his Vanities, and past Florenz Ziegfeld from a touring visitor of Rio Rita.^[22]

After an uncredited stint equally a Goldwyn Girl in Roman Scandals (1933), starring Eddie Cantor and Gloria Stuart, Brawl moved permanently to Hollywood to appear in films. She had many small pic roles in the 1930s as a contract player for RKO Radio Pictures, including a two-reel one-act curt with the Iii Stooges (Iii Little Pigskins, 1934) and a movie with the Marx Brothers (Room Service, 1938). Her first credited part came in Chatterbox in 1936. She also appeared in several Fred Astaire and Ginger Rogers RKO musicals: as one of the featured models in Roberta (1935), as the flower shop clerk in Top Chapeau (1935), and in a brief supporting role at the start of Follow the Fleet (1936).^[37] Ball played a larger part as an aspiring actress alongside Ginger Rogers, who was a afar maternal cousin, and Katharine Hepburn^[38] in the movie Stage Door (1937).

In 1936, she landed the role she hoped would lead her to Broadway, in the Bartlett Cormack play Hey Diddle Diddle, a one-act set in a duplex apartment in Hollywood. The play premiered in Princeton, New Jersey, on Jan 21, 1937, with Ball playing the function of Julie Tucker, "one of iii roommates coping with neurotic directors, confused executives, and grasping stars, who interfere with the girls' power to get ahead".^[39] The play received expert reviews, simply problems existed with star Conway Tearle, who was in poor health. Cormack wanted to supplant him, just producer Anne Nichols said the fault lay with the graphic symbol and insisted the part needed to exist rewritten. Unable to agree on a solution, the play closed after one week in Washington, DC, when Tearle became gravely ill.^[40]

1940s [edit]

In 1940, Ball appeared as the atomic number 82 in the musical Besides Many Girls where she met and fell in love with Desi Arnaz, who played one of her character'due south 4 bodyguards in the movie. Ball signed with Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer in the 1940s, but never achieved major distinction there.^[41] She was known in Hollywood circles every bit "Queen of the Bs"^[42] – a title previously held by Fay Wray and later more closely associated with Ida Lupino and Marie Windsor – starring in a number of B-movies like Five Came Back (1939).

Like many budding actresses, Ball picked up radio work to supplement her income and gain exposure. In 1937, she appeared regularly on The Phil Bakery Evidence. When its run concluded in 1938, Ball joined the cast of The Wonder Show starring Jack Haley. At that place began her l-year professional person relationship with the show's announcer, Gale Gordon. The Wonder Testify lasted one flavor, with the final episode airing on Apr 7, 1939.^[43]

In 1942 Lucy starred opposite Henry Fonda in The Big Street.^[44] MGM producer Arthur Freed purchased the Broadway hit musical play DuBarry Was a Lady (1943) specially for Ann Sothern, but when she turned down the role, that function went to Brawl, Sothern'south real-life all-time friend. In 1943, Brawl portrayed herself in Best Human foot Forward. In 1946, Brawl starred in Lover Come Back. In 1947, she appeared in the murder mystery Lured as Sandra Carpenter, a taxi dancer in London.^[38] In 1948, Ball was bandage as Liz Cooper, a wacky wife in My Favorite Husband, a radio one-act for CBS Radio.^[38] (At showtime, the character'due south proper noun was Liz Cugat; this was changed considering of confusion with real-life bandleader Xavier Cugat, who sued.^[45])

1950s [edit]

A scene from the I Love Lucy episode "Lucy Goes to Scotland", 1956

My Favorite Husband was successful, and CBS asked her to develop it for television. She agreed, merely insisted on working with her existent-life husband, Cuban bandleader Desi Arnaz. CBS executives were reluctant, thinking the public would not accept an Anglo-American redhead and a Cuban as a couple. CBS was initially unimpressed with the pilot episode, produced by the couple'southward Desilu Productions company. The pair went on the road with a vaudeville deed, in which Lucy played the zany housewife, wanting to get into Arnaz'due south show. Given the great success of the tour, CBS put I Dearest Lucy into their lineup.^[46]

I Love Lucy was non only a star vehicle for Lucille Ball, merely also a potential means for her to save her marriage to Arnaz. Their relationship had become badly strained, in part because of their hectic performing schedules, which often kept them apart, but mostly due to Desi's attraction to other women.^[47]

Along the way, Ball created a television dynasty and achieved several firsts. She was the get-go adult female to head a TV production company, Desilu, which she had formed with Arnaz. Subsequently their divorce in 1960, she bought out his share and became a very actively engaged studio head.^[48] Desilu and I Love Lucy pioneered a number of methods however in employ in TV production today, such every bit filming before a live studio audience with more one photographic camera, and distinct sets, adjacent to each other.^[38] During this fourth dimension, Brawl taught a 32-week one-act workshop at the Brandeis-Bardin Plant. She was quoted as saying, "You cannot teach someone comedy; either they have it or they don't."^[49]

During the run of I Love Lucy, Ball and Arnaz wanted to remain in their Los Angeles home, but time-zone logistics made that difficult. Since prime number fourth dimension in Los Angeles was too belatedly to air a major network series live on the Due east Coast, filming in California would have meant giving nearly of the Television set audition an inferior kinescope pic, delayed past at to the lowest degree a day.^[50]

Sponsor Philip Morris pressured the couple into relocating, not wanting day-old kinescopes airing in major East Coast markets, nor did they want to pay the actress toll that filming, processing, and editing would require. Instead, the couple offered to take a pay cutting to finance filming, which Arnaz did on ameliorate-quality 35 mm picture and on the condition that Desilu would retain the rights of each episode once it aired. CBS agreed to relinquish the mail-get-go-circulate rights to Desilu, non realizing they were giving up a valuable and enduring asset. In 1957, CBS bought back the rights for $1,000,000 ($ix.65 one thousand thousand in today'south terms), giving Ball and Arnaz'southward down payment for the purchase of the former RKO Pictures studios, which they turned into Desilu Studios.^[51]

I Dearest Lucy dominated U.South. ratings for most of its run. An attempt was made to adapt the testify for radio^[52] using the "Breaking the Lease" episode (in which the Ricardos and Mertzes fence, and the Ricardos threaten to motion, but find themselves stuck in a business firm lease) as the pilot. The resulting radio audition disc has survived, but never aired.

A scene in which Lucy and Ricky practice the tango, in the episode "Lucy Does The Tango", evoked the longest recorded studio audience laugh in the history of the testify – and so long that the sound editor had to cut that section of the soundtrack in one-half.^[53] During the testify's production breaks, Lucy and Desi starred together in two characteristic films: The Long, Long Trailer (1954) and Forever, Darling (1956). After I Love Lucy ended its run in 1957, the main cast continued to announced in occasional hour-long specials under the title The Lucy–Desi Comedy 60 minutes until 1960.^[54]

Desilu produced several other popular shows, such every bit The Untouchables, Star Expedition, and Mission: Impossible. Lucy sold her shares of the studio to Gulf+Western in 1967 for $17,000,000 ($138 1000000 in today'due south dollars) and information technology was renamed Paramount Idiot box.^[55]

1960s and 1970s [edit]

The 1960 Broadway musical Mutiny ended its run early when producer and star Brawl could not recover from a virus and continue the show afterward several weeks of returned ticket sales.^[56] The bear witness was the source of the vocal she fabricated famous, "Hey, Look Me Over", which she performed with Paula Stewart on The Ed Sullivan Show. Ball hosted a CBS Radio talk bear witness entitled Let's Talk to Lucy in 1964–65. She also fabricated a few more movies including Yours, Mine, and Ours (1968), and the musical Mame (1974), and ii more than successful long-running sitcoms for CBS: The Lucy Show (1962–68), which costarred Vivian Vance and Gale Gordon, and Here'south Lucy (1968–74), which as well featured Gordon, as well as Lucy's existent-life children, Lucie Arnaz and Desi Arnaz, Jr. She appeared on the Dick Cavett show in 1974 and discussed her piece of work on I Love Lucy, and reminisced about her family unit history, the friends she missed from bear witness business, and how she learned to be happy while married. She as well told a story about how she helped detect an underground Japanese radio signal after accidentally picking up the signal on the fillings in her teeth.^[57]

Ball'due south close friends in the business concern included perennial co-star Vivian Vance and film stars Judy Garland, Ann Sothern, and Ginger Rogers, and comedic television performers Jack Benny, Barbara Pepper, Ethel Merman, Mary Wickes, and Mary Jane Croft; all except Garland appeared at least once on her various series. Former Broadway co-stars Keith Andes and Paula Stewart likewise appeared at least one time on her later sitcoms, as did Joan Blondell, Rich Little, and Ann-Margret. Ball mentored actress and singer Carole Cook, and befriended Barbara Eden, when Eden appeared on an episode of I Love Lucy.^{[ citation needed ]} Ball was originally considered by Frank Sinatra for the part of Mrs. Iselin in the Cold State of war thriller The Manchurian Candidate. Managing director/producer John Frankenheimer, however, had worked with Angela Lansbury in a mother part in All Fall Downwardly, and insisted on having her for the role.^[58]

Brawl was the lead actress in a number of one-act television specials to nigh 1980, including Lucy Calls the President, which featured Vivian Vance, Gale Gordon, and Mary Jane Croft, and Lucy Moves to NBC, a special depicting a fictionalization of her motility to the NBC television network. In 1959, Ball became a friend and mentor to Carol Burnett. She guested on Burnett's highly successful CBS-Television special Carol + 2 and the younger performer reciprocated by appearing on The Lucy Evidence. Ball was rumored to have offered Burnett a chance to star on her own sitcom, only in truth, Burnett was offered (and declined) Hither'due south Agnes by CBS executives. She instead chose to create her ain multifariousness show due to a stipulation that was on an existing contract she had with CBS.^[59] The two women remained shut friends until Ball'due south decease in 1989. Ball sent flowers every yr on Burnett'south birthday.^[60]

Bated from her acting career, she became an assistant professor at California Country University, Northridge in 1979.^{[61] [62]}

1980s [edit]

Ball in her concluding public appearance at the 61st University Awards in 1989, 4 weeks before her decease. Ball's husband, Gary Morton, is at left.

During the 1980s, Brawl attempted to resurrect her telly career. In 1982, she hosted a ii-part Iii's Company retrospective, showing clips from the show's first v seasons, summarizing memorable plotlines, and commenting on her dearest of the show.^[63]

In 1983, both Lucille Ball and Gary Morton had partnered to set up upwardly a film and telly production house at 20th Century Flim-flam, that encompasses all film and television productions, and has plans to produce plays.^[64]

A 1985 dramatic made-for-TV picture about an elderly homeless woman, Rock Pillow, received mixed reviews, simply had potent viewership. Her 1986 sitcom comeback Life with Lucy, costarring her longtime foil Gale Gordon and co-produced by Ball, Gary Morton, and prolific producer Aaron Spelling, was cancelled less than two months into its run past ABC.^[65] In Feb 1988, Ball was named the Jerky Pudding Woman of the Year.^[66]

In May 1988, Ball was hospitalized after suffering a mild heart attack.^[67] Her last public advent, merely i calendar month before her death, was at the 1989 Oscars telecast, in which fellow presenter Bob Hope and she were given a standing ovation.^[38]

HUAC Testimony [edit]

When Ball registered to vote in 1936, she listed her party amalgamation as Communist, every bit did her brother and mother.^[68]

To sponsor the Communist Party's 1936 candidate for the California State Assembly's 57th District, Ball signed a document stating, "I am registered as affiliated with the Communist Political party."^[69] The same year, the Communist Party of California appointed her to the country's Central Committee, co-ordinate to records of the California Secretary of State. In 1937, Hollywood writer Rena Vale, a self-identified Communist, attended a class at an address identified to her as Ball'southward home according to her testimony given earlier the US Business firm of Representatives' Special House United nations-American Activities Committee (HUAC), on July 22, 1940.^[70] 2 years afterward, Vale affirmed this testimony in a sworn deposition:

"[...]within a few days after my third application to join the Communist Party was made, I received a notice to attend a coming together on North Ogden Drive, Hollywood; although it was a typed, unsigned note, just requesting my presence at the accost at eight o'clock in the evening on a given solar day, I knew it was the long-awaited detect to attend Communist Party new members' classes ... on inflow at this address I establish several others present; an elderly human informed united states of america that we were the guests of the screen extra, Lucille Ball, and showed us diverse pictures, books, and other objects to establish that fact, and stated she was glad to loan her home for a Communist Party new members' form;"^[71]

In a 1944 British Pathé newsreel, titled "Fund Raising for Roosevelt", Brawl was featured prominently among several stage and film stars at events in support of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's fundraising entrada for the March of Dimes.^[72] She stated that in the 1952 US Presidential Election, she voted for Republican Dwight Eisenhower.

On September four, 1953, Brawl met voluntarily with HUAC investigator William A. Wheeler in Hollywood and gave him sealed testimony. She stated that she had registered to vote as a Communist "or intended to vote the Communist Party ticket" in 1936 at her socialist gramps's insistence.^[73] She stated she "at no time intended to vote every bit a Communist". Her testimony was forwarded to J. Edgar Hoover in an FBI memorandum:

Brawl stated she has never been a member of the Communist Party "to her noesis" ... [She] did not know whether or not whatever meetings were e'er held at her home at 1344 North Ogden Drive; stated... [that if she had been appointed] as a delegate to the State Central Committee of the Communist Party of California in 1936 it was done without her cognition or consent; [and stated that she] did not retrieve signing the document sponsoring EMIL FREED for the Communist Political party nomination to the office of fellow member of the assembly for the 57th District ... A review of the subject field's file reflects no activity that would warrant her inclusion on the Security Index.^{[74] [75]}

Immediately before the filming of episode 68 ("The Girls Become Into Business") of I Dear Lucy, Desi Arnaz, instead of his usual audience warm-upwards, told the audience nearly Lucy and her grandfather. Reusing the line he had get-go given to Hedda Hopper in an interview, he quipped:

"The merely thing ruddy nigh Lucy is her pilus, and even that is not legitimate."^[76]

Personal life [edit]

In 1940, Ball met Cuban-born bandleader Desi Arnaz while filming the Rodgers and Hart phase hit Too Many Girls. When they met again on the second mean solar day, they continued immediately. They stopped and were married on November 30, 1940. Although Arnaz was drafted into the Regular army in 1942, he was classified for limited service due to a genu injury.^[77] He stayed in Los Angeles, organizing and performing USO shows for wounded GIs brought back from the Pacific.

Ball filed for divorce in 1944, obtaining an interlocutory decree; however, she and Arnaz reconciled, precluding the entry of a last decree.^[78]

On July 17, 1951, less than three weeks prior to her 40th altogether, Brawl gave nascency to girl Lucie Désirée Arnaz.^[7] A year and a one-half later, she gave nascency to Desiderio Alberto Arnaz 4, known every bit Desi Arnaz, Jr.^[8] Before he was born, I Beloved Lucy was a solid ratings striking, and Ball and Arnaz wrote the pregnancy into the show. Ball's necessary and planned caesarean section in real life was scheduled for the same engagement that her tv character gave nativity.^[viii]

CBS insisted that a pregnant woman could not exist shown on television, nor could the word "significant" be spoken on-air. Subsequently approval from several religious figures,^[79] the network allowed the pregnancy storyline, but insisted that the word "expecting" be used instead of "pregnant". (Arnaz garnered laughs when he deliberately mispronounced it as "spectin' ".)^[lxxx] The episode's official championship was "Lucy Is Enceinte", borrowing the French word for significant;^[81] yet, episode titles never appeared on-screen.

The episode aired on the evening of January 19, 1953, with 44 million viewers watching Lucy Ricardo welcome little Ricky, while in real life Ball delivered her second kid, Desi Jr., that aforementioned day in Los Angeles. The birth made the cover of the first effect of Tv Guide for the week of April 3–ix, 1953.^[82]

In October 1956, Brawl, Arnaz, Vance, and William Frawley all appeared on a Bob Hope special on NBC, including a spoof of I Honey Lucy, the only time all four stars were together on a colour telecast. By the cease of the 1950s, Desilu had go a big visitor, causing a good deal of stress for both Ball and Arnaz.^{[ citation needed ]}

On March 3, 1960, a twenty-four hours afterwards Desi'south 43rd birthday (and ane twenty-four hour period after filming the final episode of The Lucy-Desi Comedy Hr), Ball filed papers in Santa Monica Superior Court, challenge married life with Desi was "a nightmare" and nothing at all equally it appeared on I Love Lucy.^[83] On May 4, 1960, they divorced; however, until his death in 1986, Arnaz and Ball remained friends and often spoke fondly of each other. Her real-life divorce indirectly found its style into her subsequently television set series, as she was always cast every bit an unmarried woman, each time a widow.^{[84] [85]}

The following yr, Ball starred in the Broadway musical Wildcat, co-starting Keith Andes and Paula Stewart. It marked the beginning of a thirty-yr friendship with Stewart, who introduced Brawl to second hubby Gary Morton, a Borscht Belt comic 13 years her inferior.^[9] According to Ball, Morton claimed he had never seen an episode of I Dearest Lucy due to his hectic work schedule. She immediately installed Morton in her production visitor, educational activity him the telly business and eventually promoting him to producer; he as well played occasional bit parts on her various series.^[86] They had homes in Beverly Hills and Palm Springs, California, and in Snowmass Village, Colorado.^{[87] [88]}

Brawl was outspokenly against the human relationship her son had with actress Patty Knuckles. Later, commenting on when her son dated Liza Minnelli, she said, "I miss Liza, just you lot cannot domesticate Liza."^[89]

Illness and death [edit]

On Apr xviii, 1989, Ball was admitted to Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles subsequently experiencing breast pains. She was diagnosed with a dissecting aortic aneurysm and underwent surgery to repair her aorta and a successful seven-60 minutes aortic valve replacement.^[88]

Shortly later on dawn on April 26, Ball awoke with severe dorsum pain, then lost consciousness;^{[90] [91]} she died at 5:47 am PDT at the age of 77. Doctors determined that Ball had succumbed to a ruptured intestinal aortic aneurysm not directly related to her surgery. A greater incidence of aortic aneurysm is seen in cigarette smokers and Brawl had been a heavy smoker most of her life.^[92]

Three memorial services were held for Ball.^[93] She was cremated and the ashes were initially interred in Wood Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery in Los Angeles, where her mother was besides buried. In 2002, Brawl and her mother'due south remains were re-interred at the Hunt family plot at Lake View Cemetery in Jamestown, in accord with Ball'south wishes to be buried near her mother.^[94] Her brother'south remains were also interred there in 2007.

Recognition and legacy [edit]

Ball'southward Hollywood Walk of Fame star for her boob tube work

Brawl received many tributes, honors, and awards throughout her career and posthumously. On Feb 8, 1960, she was given two stars on the Hollywood Walk of Fame: at 6436 Hollywood Boulevard, for contributions to motility pictures; and at 6100 Hollywood Boulevard, for her contribution to the arts and sciences of telly.^[two]

Acting on advice given to her by Norman Vincent Peale in the early on 1960s, Ball collaborated with Betty Hannah Hoffman on an autobiography that covered her life until 1964. Her one-time chaser constitute the manuscript, postmarked 1966, while going through old files. He sent it and the tapes of interviews, conducted past Hoffman and used to write the manuscript, to Lucie Jr. and Desi Jr, who had been put in charge of Ball's estate.^[95] It was afterwards published past Berkley Publishing Group in 1997.^[96] The book was released on audio through Aural on July 9, 2018, read by her daughter.^[97]

In 1976, CBS paid tribute to Brawl with the ii-hour special CBS Salutes Lucy: The First 25 Years. ^[98]

On December seven, 1986, Ball was recognized as a Kennedy Center Honors recipient. The part of the outcome focused on Ball was particularly poignant, as Desi Arnaz, who was to introduce Lucy at the result, had died from cancer just five days before. Friend and former Desilu star Robert Stack delivered the emotional introduction in Arnaz'south place.^{[99] [100]}

Posthumously, Ball received the Presidential Medal of Freedom from President George H. W. Bush on July six, 1989,^[101] and The Women's International Middle's Living Legacy Award.^[102]

The Lucille Brawl Little Theatre in Ball's hometown of Jamestown, New York

The Lucille Ball Desi Arnaz Museum & Center for Comedy is in Ball's hometown of Jamestown, New York. The Little Theatre was renamed the Lucille Brawl Little Theatre in her honor.^[103] The street she was built-in on was renamed Lucy Street.

Ball was amid Time magazine's "100 Virtually Important People of the Century".^[104]

On June vii, 1990, Universal Studios Florida opened a walk-through attraction defended to Brawl, Lucy – A Tribute. It featured clips of shows, facts almost her life, displays of items she owned or that were associated with her, and an interactive quiz. Information technology remained open until August 17, 2015.^{[105] [106]}

In 1991 was aired Lucy & Desi: Before the Laughter, starring Frances Fisher.

On August 6, 2001, the United States Postal Service honored what would have been Ball'due south 90th birthday with a commemorative postage postage stamp every bit function of its Legends of Hollywood serial.^[107]

Ball appeared on 39 covers of Tv Guide, more than any other person, including its offset cover in 1953 with her babe son, Desi Arnaz Jr.^[108] TV Guide voted her the "Greatest TV Star of All Time", and ilater commemorated the 50th ceremony of I Honey Lucy with eight covers celebrating memorable scenes from the show. In 2008, it named I Dear Lucy the 2nd-best television set plan in American history, afterwards Seinfeld.

For her contributions to the Women's Movement, Ball was inducted into the National Women's Hall of Fame in 2001.^[110]

The Friars Club named a room in its New York clubhouse the Lucille Ball Room.^[111] She was posthumously awarded the Legacy of Laughter Honour at the fifth Annual TV State Awards in 2007.^[112] In November 2007, she was chosen every bit number ii on a listing of the 50 Greatest TV Icons; however, a public poll chose her as number one.^[113]

On Baronial vi, 2011, Google'due south homepage showed an interactive doodle of six classic moments from I Love Lucy to commemorate what would have been Ball'south 100th birthday.^[114] On the same 24-hour interval, 915 Ball look-alikes converged on Jamestown to celebrate the birthday and prepare a new world record for such a gathering.^[115]

Since 2009, a statue of Ball has been on display in Celoron, New York, that residents accounted "scary" and not authentic, earning it the nickname "Scary Lucy".^[116] On Baronial one, 2016, it was appear that a new statue of Ball would replace it on Baronial vi.^[117] However, the old statue had become a local tourist allure after receiving media attention, and it was placed 75 yards (69 k) from its original location and then visitors could view both statues.^[118]

Rachel York and Madeline Zima portrayed Brawl in a biographical tv film titled Lucy which was directed past Glenn Jordan and originally circulate on CBS on May 4, 2003.

In 2015, it was announced that Ball would be played by Cate Blanchett in an untitled biographical film, to be written and directed by Aaron Sorkin. Afterward, Nicole Kidman was hired to portray Ball when Sorkin's film entitled Beingness the Ricardos was produced in 2021.^{[119] [120]} On February 8, 2022, Nicole Kidman received a nomination for the Academy Accolade for Best Extra for her portrayal of Ball.^[121] Kidman also won the Golden Globe Honour for Best Actress in a Motility Film – Drama for her performance.^[122]

A 2017 episode of Will & Grace paid homage to Brawl by replicating the 1963 shower scene from the episode "Lucy and Viv Put in a Shower" from The Lucy Show.^[123] Three years later, an entire episode was defended to her by recreating four scenes from I Dearest Lucy.^[124]

Ball's character Lucy Ricardo was portrayed past Gillian Anderson in the American Gods episode "The Clandestine of Spoons" (2017).^[125]

Ball was portrayed past Sarah Drew in the play I Dear Lucy: A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Sitcom, a comedy virtually how Brawl and her husband battled to get their sitcom on the air. Information technology premiered in Los Angeles on July 12, 2018, co-starring Oscar Nuñez as Desi Arnaz, and Seamus Dever as I Love Lucy producer-head writer Jess Oppenheimer. The play was written by Oppenheimer's son, Gregg Oppenheimer.^[126] BBC Radio 4 broadcast a serialized version of the play in the United kingdom of great britain and northern ireland in August 2020, as LUCY LOVES DESI: A Funny Affair Happened on the Way to the Sitcom, starring Anne Heche as Ball.^[127]

Brawl was a well-known gay-rights supporter, stating in a 1980 interview with People: "Information technology'due south perfectly all right with me. Some of the near gifted people I've ever met or read nearly are homosexual. How can yous knock it?"^[128]

Works and accolades [edit]

Filmography [edit]

Radio appearances [edit]

Year	Program	Episode	Notes	Ref
1940	The Campbell Playhouse	"Dinner at Viii"	with Orson Welles, Marjorie Rambeau and Hedda Hopper
1943	Mail Call	"The Hymeneals Nighttime"	with Edgar Kennedy, Patsy Moran and Laurel and Hardy
1944	Suspense	"Dime a Dance"		[129]
		"The Ten Grand"		[130]
	Lux Radio Theatre	"Lucky Partners"
1945	Suspense	"A Shroud for Sarah"		[131]
1947		"Taxi Dancer"
	Lux Radio Theatre	"The Dark Corner"
1951	Screen Directors Playhouse	"Available Female parent"		[132]
1948–1951	My Favorite Married man	124 episodes	(July five, 1948 – March 31, 1951)

Awards and nominations [edit]

Ball'south awards and nominations references:^{[133] [134] [135]}

Association	Yr	Category	Nominated Work	Result
American One-act Awards	1987	Lifetime Achievement Honour in Comedy		Won
Gold Apple Awards	1963	Almost Cooperative Actress		Nominated
	1973	Female Star of the Year		Won
Golden Globes	1961	Best Extra — Pic Comedy or Musical	The Facts of Life	Nominated
	1968	Best Television Star — Female	The Lucy Testify
	1969	Best Actress — Motion Film Comedy or Musical	Yours, Mine and Ours
	1970	Best Extra — Television Comedy or Musical	Hither's Lucy
	1972
	1975	Best Actress — Motion Picture Comedy or Musical	Mame
	1979	Cecil B. DeMille Award		Won
Hasty Pudding Theatricals	1988	Woman of the Yr
The Kennedy Center Honors	1986	Kennedy Eye Honors
Laurel Awards	1961	Top Female One-act Performance	The Facts of Life	Nominated
	1968	Female Comedy Performance	Yours, Mine and Ours	Won
OFTA Tv set Awards	1997	Boob tube Hall of Fame — Actors and Actress
Palm Springs International Picture show Festival	1990	Desert Palm Accomplishment Award
Primetime Emmy Awards	1952	Best Comedian or Comedienne		Nominated
	1953	Best Comedienne		Won
		Most Outstanding Personality		Nominated
	1954	Best Female Star of Regular Serial	I Beloved Lucy
	1955	Best Actress Starring in a Regular Serial
	1956	Best Comedienne
		Best Extra — Continuing Operation	I Love Lucy	Won
	1957	Best Continuing Functioning by a Comedienne in a Series		Nominated
	1958	Best Standing Performance (Female) in a Series by a Comedienne, Vocalizer, Hostess, Dancer, M.C. Announcer, Narrator, Panelist, or any Person who substantially Plays Herself'
	1963	Outstanding Connected Performance past an Actress in a Serial (Lead)
	1966	Outstanding Continued Performance by an Actress in a Leading Function in a Comedy Serial
	1967			Won
	1968
	1989	Governor's Laurels
TCA Awards	1989	Career Achievement Award
Television Land Awards	2007	Legacy of Laughter Honour
Walk of Fame	1960	Television — 6100 Hollywood, Blvd.
		Motion Picture — 6436 Hollywood, Blvd.
Women in Pic Crystal + Lucy Awards	1977	Crystal Laurels
International Radio and Tv Society	1971	International Radio and Television Club - Golden Medal

References [edit]

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Citations [edit]

• Brawl, Lucille (1996). Hoffman, Betty Hannah (ed.). Honey, Lucy. New York: Putnam. ISBN978-0-399-14205-v. OCLC 231698725. This autobiography covers Brawl's life upwards to 1964. It was discovered by her children in 1989 ("Beloved, Lucy". WorldCat . Retrieved November xix, 2011. )
  • Brawl, Lucille (1997). Hoffman, Betty Hannah (ed.). Dear, Lucy. New York: Berkly. ISBN978-0-425-17731-0. OCLC 52255505.
• Brady, Kathleen (2001). Lucille: the life of Lucille Ball. New York: Billboard Books. ISBN978-0-8230-8913-0.
• FBI file: "Lucille Ball Part 01 of 01". FBI Records: The Vault. FBI.
• Harris, Warren C. (1991). Lucy and Desi: the legendary love story of television'due south most famous couple. New York: Simon & Schuster. ISBN978-0-671-74709-1.
• Herringshaw, DeAnn (2011). Lucille Ball: Actress & Comedienne. Edina, MN: ABDO. ISBN978-1-61787-664-6.
• Kanfer, Stefan (2003). Brawl of Fire: The Tumultuous Life and Comic Art of Lucille Brawl . New York: Alfred A. Knopf. ISBN0-375-41315-4.
• Karol, Michael A. (2004). The Lucille Brawl Quiz Book. iUniverse. ISBN978-0-595-31857-5.
• Sanders, Coyne Steven; Gilbert, Thomas W. (1993). Desilu: The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. HarperCollins. ISBN978-0-688-13514-0.
  • Sanders, Coyne Steven; Gilbert, Thomas W. (2001). Desilu: The Story of Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz. New York: HarperEntertainment. ISBN0-688-13514-five. OCLC 48543617.

Further reading [edit]

• Karol, Michael (2003). Lucy in Impress; ISBN 0-595-29321-2
• Karol, Michael (2005). The Comic Deoxyribonucleic acid of Lucille Brawl: Interpreting the Icon; ISBN 0-595-37951-vi
• McClay, Michael (1995). I Beloved Lucy: The Consummate Picture History of the Most Pop TV Show E'er; ISBN 0-446-51750-X (hardcover)
• Meeks, Eric G. (2011). P.S. I Beloved Lucy: The Story of Lucille Ball in Palm Springs. Horotio Limburger Oglethorpe. p. 45. ISBN978-1468098549.
• Pugh Davis, Madelyn; with Carroll Jr., Bob (2005). Laughing With Lucy: My Life With America's Leading Lady of Comedy; ISBN 978-one-57860-247-vi
• Sheridan, James & Barry Monush (2011). Lucille Brawl FAQ: Everything Left to Know About America's Favorite Redhead; ISBN 978-ane-61774-082-four
• Young, Hashemite kingdom of jordan R. (1999). The Laugh Crafters: Comedy Writing in Radio & Idiot box's Golden Age. Beverly Hills: By Times Publishing; ISBN 0-940410-37-0

External links [edit]

• Lucille Ball at the Internet Broadway Database
• Lucille Brawl at IMDb
• Lucille Ball at the TCM Picture show Database
• Lucille Ball at TV Guide
• Lucille Ball Archived Feb 7, 2009, at the Wayback Machine at the Museum of Circulate Communications
• Lucille Ball and Desi Arnaz Papers, 1915–1990 at the Library of Congress
• Lucille Ball at Find a Grave
• "Celebrating Lucille Ball at 100: Unpublished Photos". Life (Sideshow). Archived from the original on Jan 15, 2012. Retrieved August 6, 2011.
• Norwood, Arlisha. "Lucille Ball", National Women's History Museum. 2017.
• "Orson Welles Radio Almanac". Net Archive. Recordings. 1944. Lucille Ball and several other actors participate
• "Wanda Clark". Interview. Oral history project. Voices of Oklahoma. August five, 2015. About her long-fourth dimension, 25 years, employer Lucille Ball

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Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucille_Ball

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